Less than 1% of turbos fail because of manufacturing defects. Most failures are caused by the three ‘turbo killers’ of oil starvation, oil contamination and foreign object damage. More than 90% of turbocharger failures are caused oil related either by oil starvation or oil contamination. Blocked or leaking pipes or lack of priming on
Some OBD systems, like FOrscan, can read the MAP pressure. If you keep getting the same DTC and the MAP sensor is ok, then a fault in the turbo actuator sensor system is the next most likely suspect. Check if it is vacuum operated or electronic. If not obvious from looking at it, then 7zap may help, it looks like vacuum on here:
The variable vane mech (the part that controls the boost via the actuator rod and actuator/ boost controller, pnuematic or electronic) is built in to the exhaust manifold and is the most likely thing to fail after the EGR valve/ system because it gets coked up and siezes or does not operate over its full range - the symptoms you describe are
When we replaced some actuators on the missus 20V 1.8T engine a while back, the symptoms were partly as you described, but not quite so scary: HUGE lump of initial boost, slight compressor-surge
It was clear this turbo had failed due to oil starvation. Because the 1.6 TDCi engine leaves the factory with a gauze filter in the oil feed pipe bolt, the next step was to remove the bolt, remove the gauze, refit the bolt and measure the oil pressure for a second time.

Hi Emma, Sorry to hear about this but let's see if we can save you some money. That seems very expensive to me for a turbo, the problem is they are rather complicated (allthough simple in the way they work) and the majority of the time just like a cylinder head a garage would send it off to be refurbished rather than do it on a bench in the workshop.

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ford focus tdci turbo failure symptoms